Tumor immune checkpoint therapy and the drug delivery strategies / 药学学报

Tumor immune checkpoint therapy is a clinical treatment strategy developed based on the new principle of the inhibition of negative immune regulation. In this article, the tumor immune checkpoint therapy and the drug delivery strategies were reviewed, mainly including immunity and tumor therapy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy and its mechanism of action, clinical application of tumor immune checkpoint therapy and therapeutic drugs, immune resistance of programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1)/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PDL1) treatment and countermeasures, drug delivery strategies for tumor immune checkpoint therapeutic agents, etc. As a revolutionary new immunotherapy strategy, tumor immune checkpoint therapy has shown obvious superior therapeutic efficacy in a variety types of tumor. However, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is also faced with a big challenge, namely, immunotherapy resistance. With the discovery of new mechanism, the continuous development of new therapeutic drugs and delivery strategies, tumor immune checkpoint therapy is expected to further improve the clinical efficacy of tumor.

Analysis of the management measures and effects in prevention and control of COVID-19 in outpatient service of a general hospital / 医学研究生学报

To preliminarily analyze the prevention and control of COVID-19, a general hospital outpatient service took six management measures, including setting up a leading group, building rules and regulations, infection control and supervision, special training, humanized service, public opinion propaganda. After nearly two months, the rates of both body temperature monitoring and epidemiological history screening are 100%, the medical staff infection rate is zero, and no cross infection between the patients due to adopting outpatient service comprehensive management measures which had strong organization and leadership, effective targeted training, effective control of all links in epidemic prevention and control work. During the fight against COVID-19, outpatient management played an important role in hospital management. The above approaches provide valuable experience for preventing the spread of infectious diseases effectively and winning the biological weapon wars in the future.

The application of WeChat applet and integrity propaganda and education in outpatient pre-examination during the prevalence of COVID-19 / 医学研究生学报

ObjectiveDuring the prevention and control of COVID-19, it is a difficult problem to obtain the individual epidemiological status of outpatients efficiently and accurately in a large comprehensive third-grade class-A hospital. To discuss the application and effect of WeChat applet and integrity propaganda and education in outpatient pre-examination during the prevention and control of COVID-19.MethodsFirstly, the outpatients were treated with integrity propaganda and education (like informing the law and regulations, recording the personal credit) at the outpatient pre-examination office. Secondly, let them take real-name authentication in the hospital self-developed WeChat applet. Thirdly, the outpatients filled in the epidemiological questionnaire related to COVID-19 by WeChat. The differences between before using the application (8,186 patients) and after using (7,361 patients) were compared in pre-examination time and concealing the incidence of an individual's epidemiological history.ResultsAfter the application of WeChat applet and integrity propaganda and education, the pre-examination time after using application [(1.07±0.23)min] was shorter than that before using[(2.15±0.37) min] (P<0.05). The concealment rate of epidemiological history was 0.05% before using application and zero after using.ConclusionWeChat applet and integrity propaganda and education can shorten the pre-examination time of covid-19 and reduce the occurrence of concealing personal epidemiological history.

Spectrometric analyses of larotaxel and larotaxel liposomes quantification by high performance liquid chromatography / 北京大学学报(医学版)

OBJECTIVE@#Larotaxel is a new chemical structure drug, which has not been marketed worldwide. Accordingly, the standard identification and quantification methods for larotaxel remain unclear. The spectrometric analyses were performed for verifying weight molecular formula, molecular weight and chemical structure of larotaxel. Besides, a quantification method was developed for measuring larotaxel in the liposomes.@*METHODS@#The molecular formula, molecular weight and chemical structure of larotaxel were studied by using mass spectrometry (MS), infra-red (IR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) spectrometric techniques. The absorption wavelength of larotaxel was investigated by UV-vis spectrophotometry full-wavelength scanning. Besides, a quantification method was developed by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and then validated by measuring the encapsulation efficacy of larotaxel liposomes.@*RESULTS@#The four spectral characteristics of larotaxel were revealed and the corresponding standard spectra were defined. It was confirmed that larotaxel had the structure of tricyclic diterpenoids, with the molecular formula of C45H53NO14, the molecular weight of 831.900 1, and the maximum absorption wavelength of 230 nm. The quantitative method of larotaxel was established by using HPLC with a reversed phase C18 column (5 μm, 250 mm×4.6 mm), a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (75:25, volume/volume), and a detection wavelength of 230 nm. The validation study exhibited that the established HPLC method was stable, and had a high recovery and precision in the quantitative measurement of larotaxel in liposomes. In addition, a new kind of larotaxel liposomes was also successfully prepared. The particle size of the liposomes was about 105 nm, with an even size distribution. And the encapsulation efficiency of larotaxel in the liposomes was above 80%.@*CONCLUSION@#The present study offers reference standard spectra of larotaxel, including MS, IR, NMR, and UV-vis, and confirms the molecular formula, molecular weight and chemical structure of larotaxel. Besides, the study develops a rapid HPLC method for quality control of larotaxel liposomes.

Progress on methods of monitoring of nursing sensitive indicators for preventing pressure injury / 医学研究生学报

Hospital-acquired pressure injury is known as a severe adverse event and as an important safety problem of patients around the world. Studies indicated that nursing sensitive indicators are key points for monitoring and managing the effect of preventing pressure injury. The article reviews how to monitor the outcome sensitive indicators for preventing pressure injury. The aim is to provide evidence for managing and researching pressure injury in our country.

Randomized controlled study on proximal needling for sciatica / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the effect of proximal needling and routine acupuncture for sciatica.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Sixty patients with sciatica were randomly divided into a proximal needling group and a routine acupuncture group, 30 cases in each group. The proximal needling group was treated by proximal needling at Huantiao (GB 30). The routine acupuncture group was treated by acupuncture at Huantiao (GB 30), Yinmen (BL 37), Weizhong (BL 40), Yanglingquan (GB 34) etc. with routine acupuncture method. The Numerical Pain Rating Scales (NPRS) the Japanese Orthopaedic Association Scores (JOA) were all observed before, after treatment and in following up.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rates were 100.0% (30/30) in both groups, with no significant difference between the two groups (P > 0.05) in 3 month follow up. After 5 treatments, the total improvement rate of 100.0% (30/30) in the proximal needling group was super to that of 80.0% (24/30) in the routine acupuncture group. The NPRS and JOA scores were all improved significantly after 5 treatment and in following up compared with those before treatment in two groups (all P < 0.01). After treatments, the improvement of the NPRS and JOA scores in the proximal needling group was greater than those in the routine acupuncture group (both P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The proximal needling treatment has rapid and obvious therapeutic effect and analgesia on sciatica.</p>

Professor He Pu-ren: the founder of Santong method of acupuncture and moxibustion / 中国针灸

Professor He Pu-ren, the founder of Santong method of acupuncture and moxibustion, is a well known acupuncturist at home and abroad. His main contributions include combined martial arts and Chinese medicine, showing obvious therapeutic effect; taking part in establishment of The Department of Acupuncture, Beijing Chinese Medicine Hospital; creating Santong method of acupuncture and moxibustion; advocating fire needle therapy; writing medical books and teaching students; advocating the culture of acupuncture; making the metal model of acupuncture and moxibustion, and others. His achievements have become an important part of acupuncture and moxibustion science.

Impact of patient compliance on the outcomes in hypertensive patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide based combination therapy with spironolactone or captopril / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the impact of patient compliance on the long-term outcomes in hypertensive patients receiving hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) based combination therapy with spironolactone or captopril.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 853 patients with mild to moderate hypertension were recruited and randomly divided into HCTZ group (HCTZ 12.5 mg q.d), spironolactone group (HCTZ 12.5 mg q.d and spironolactone 20 mg q.d), and captopril group (HCTZ 12.5 mg q.d and captopril 25 mg bid) after 2-week placebo washout period and 6-week loading period for HCTZ. Since the efficacy of combination therapy was proven to be better than monotherapy 1 year after therapy beginning, patients in HCTZ group were randomly assigned to spironolactone group or captopril group. The patients were followed up for 4 years. Patients were divided to compliance (n = 424) or non-compliance group (n = 429) according test drug taking questionnaire. During the follow-up time, the blood pressure and the outcomes were recorded monthly, and blood biochemical parameters were determined once a year.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>At the end of follow up, incidence of cardio-cerebral vascular events was significantly lower in compliance group (2 fatal, 8 non-fatal) than that in noncompliance group (7 fatal, 21 non-fatal, P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure [-(19.4 +/- 20.6) mm Hg, 1 mm Hg = 0.133 kPa] and diastolic blood pressure [-(10.7 +/- 13.5) mm Hg] were significantly reduced compared values at baseline and noncompliance group (all P < 0.001) while the reduction did not reach statistically significance in noncompliance group [-(7.3 +/- 18.2) mm Hg and -(3.5 +/- 10.2) mm Hg, all P > 0.05 vs. baseline]. The serum BUN, Cr and UA levels in the compliance group were significantly higher and the serum K(+), CHO, LDL-C level were significantly lower than baseline values. The serum BUN, UA levels in the compliance group were significantly higher while the serum K(+), cholesterol levels were significantly lower than those in the noncompliance group (all P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study indicates that patient compliance could affect the long-term outcome and antihypertensive efficacy in hypertensive patients receiving HCTZ based combination therapy with spironolactone or captopril.</p>

Summarization of professor He Pu-ren's channel syndrome differentiation for treatment of complicated and difficult diseases / 中国针灸

Channel syndrome differentiation is a more commonly-used syndrome differentiation method of Professor HE Pu-ren clinically, which includes the 3 aspects: differentiation of diseases and syndromes on the channel parts along the body surface; differentiation of diseases and syndromes of the internal organs connected with the channels; differentiation of qi and blood of the channels. According to results of the channel syndrome differentiation, with flexible application of the HE's Santong methods and selection of corresponding treatment program, many complicated and difficult diseases are cured.

Effects of Long-term Treatment with Hydrochlorothiazide Combined Spironolactone or Captopril on Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Hypertensive Patients / 中华高血压杂志

0.05);2)After 12,24,36 months' treatment,BP was decreased significantly in each group (P0.05).Conclusion Both combined spirono- lactone/HCTZ and captopril/HCTZ significantly reduced BP and LVMI or LVMI and the maguitude of reduction was further enhanced after prolonged treatment.

He's Santong needling method for neurological functional deficit in the patient of ischemic apoplexy: randomized controlled multi-central study / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To observe the therapeutic effect of He's Santong needling method on neurological functional deficit in the patient of ischemic apoplexy, and search for an effective method for treatment of ischemic apoplexy.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>According to the randomized and multi-central trial principle, 319 cases enrolled were randomly assigned to an observation group of 161 cases and a control group of 158 cases. The observation group were treated with He's Santong needling method, i. e. blood letting, puncturing with a red-hot needle and filiform needle therapy by stages, and the control group were treated with acupuncture at 12 points of the hand and foot routinely selected in the department, once daily. After treatment of 30 days, changes of neurological functional deficit score were investigated in the two groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The total effective rate was 91.93% in the observation group and 70. 25% in the control group with a significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05); there was no significant difference in changes of the neurological functional deficit score between the patients at the acute stage and the convalescence (P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The therapeutic effect of He's Santong needling method on ischemic apoplexy at acute stage or convalescence is better than that of the routine point selection.</p>

Chronic effects of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide in patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension / 中华心血管病杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chronic efficacy of low-dose hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) in patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>After a 2-weeks placebo run-in period, 232 patients with mild or moderate hypertension were recruited and received HCTZ (12.5 mg once daily) therapy for one year. Patient compliance and blood pressure were monitored and serum BUN, Cr, glucose, electrolytes, and lipids were measured before, 6 weeks and 1 year after treatment.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>(1) Reduction of SBP, DBP and MAP were more significantly at 1 year [(10.45 +/- 17.28) mm Hg, (8.45 +/- 11.06) mm Hg, (9.12 +/- 10.88) mm Hg] than that at 6 weeks post therapy [(6.01 +/- 16.05) mm Hg, (2.90 +/- 10.33) mm Hg, (3.94 +/- 10.68) mm Hg, all P < 0.05]. Blood pressure were reduced to normal in 35.1% patients at 1 year and in 20.3% patients at 6 weeks (P < 0.05). (2) No patient developed diabetes mellitus or hypokalemia during therapy while the serum uric acid at 1 year post therapy was significantly higher than that at before therapy (P < 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The study indicates that low dose HCTZ is an effective and safe antihypertensive agent for patients with mild-to-moderate hypertension and uric acid changes during therapy need to be monitored.</p>

Sequencing and bioinformatic analysis of NRDRiso cDNA / 生物工程学报

This study describes the cDNA sequencing and the bioinformatic analysis of a novel NADP(H)-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductases isoform (NRDRiso). Based upon the concensus sequences of human and mouse NRDR coding region, we have identified a short 377 bp RT-PCR product from human liver tissue. The cDNA sequence of a NRDR isoform was then isolated using RACE approach and its sequence was analysed. The full-length cDNA is 1,003bp in length and was submitted to GenBank as NADP-dependent retinol dehydrogenase/reductase short isoform (NRDRiso). The open reading frames of NRDRiso cDNA is 525 bp.

Studies on hypersensitivity and pharmacokinetics of paclitaxel microemulsion / 药学学报

<p><b>AIM</b>To evaluate the hypersensitivity reaction of the blank paclitaxel microemulsion and study the O/W paclitaxel microemulsion's pharmacokinetics in rats.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>An alternative paclitaxel microemulsion was prepared with small particle size. The hypersensitivity reaction of the blank microemulsion was investigated in guinea pigs. In pharmacokinetic study, 5 rats were given i.v. Taxol or paclitaxel microemulsion. Blood samples were collected at 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14 h and the concentration of paclitaxel in plasma was determined by HPLC method. The data obtained were processed using 3P87 program.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The mean size of the microemulsion is 17.2 nm. The preparation of blank microemulsion did not show any hypersensitivity, while the injection of commercial product showed significant hypersensitivity. The concentration-time curve of paclitaxel microemulsion and commercial injection (Taxol) fitted a two-compartment model. The K10, K12, K21 and AUC of paclitaxel microemulsion were 0.571.h-1, 1.441.h-1, 3.081.h-1 and 34.98 mg.h.L-1. Those of commercial injection were 1.291.h-1, 1.271.h-1, 0.511.h-1 and 21.85 mg.h.L-1.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The blank paclitaxel preparation of micoemulsion reduced the hypersensitivity in guinea pigs compared with the blank commercial injection. The paclitaxel microemulsion has relatively longer circulating time in rats.</p>